Vegetation characterization and carbon sequestration under Anacardium occidentale orchards: the case of the Septentrion cashew basins from Cameroon
Keywords:
Anacardium occidentale, carbon sequestration, orchards, Septentrion-Cameroon, vegetationAbstract
PADF-CAJOU is a cash crop diversification and poverty alleviation project in the Cameroon Septentrion. Cameroon is aiming for world leadership. This crop has proven its worth elsewhere in economic, social, and ecological terms. This study is a contribution to the characterization of the vegetation and its contribution to carbon storage under Anacardium orchards to assess the environmental impact of cashew cultivation in the Septentrion. A methodology based on floristic inventories in Anacardium orchards in the localities of Yagoua, Vele, Doukoula, and Kalfou in Mayo-Danay; Garoua II, Garoua III, Pitoa, and Ngong in Benue; Martap, Ngaoundéré III, Ngan-Ha and Mbe in Vina. This method consisted of making one hundred and forty-four quadrats of 100 m x 100 m, according to age groups of [0-5[, [5-10[, [10-15[ and [15-+ [ (years), to measure dendrometric parameters. 27827 woody individuals, including 9771 cashew trees, divided into 81 species, 68 genera, and 34 families were recorded. The majority of these trees have diameters between 0 and 10 cm in Far North and Adamawa and between 20 and 30 cm in North. Shannon index varies from 1.41 bits in North to 2.92 bits in Adamawa. Biological type distribution is between micro and mesophanerogams. The regeneration rate is between 15 and 32% in Adamawa and Far North. Carbon sequestration varies from 9.63 TCO2/ha in Adamawa to 163.74 TCO2/ha in Far North. All in all, cashews could contribute more to the ecological service if the government would agree to put more means to encourage the cashew sector.
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You agree to indemnify and hold JEATB harmless, and, at JEATB’s request, to defend JEATB from and against any claim, demand, cause of action, debt, damage, loss or liability, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, to the extent that such action is based upon, arises out of, or relates to: (i) your use of (or inability to use) this Site and/or the Services; (ii) your violation of the terms and conditions of this Agreement; (iii) the infringement by you, or any other person using your ID, Password and/or account, of any right of any person or entity; or (iv) any other activities of yours accomplished using this Site and/or the Services. You agree to cooperate as fully as reasonably required in the defense of any such claim. JEATB reserves the right, at its own expense, to assume the exclusive defense and control of any matter subject to indemnification by you. This indemnity shall be in addition to and not limited by any other indemnity.
9. ORDER OF PRECEDENCE.
This Agreement governs your use of the Site and access to the Services. To the extent that any provision of this Agreement, or any supplemental agreement offered as any part of any registration for additional Services on this Site, conflicts with any provision of any other agreement(s) between you and JEATB or any of its related or affiliated entities, the terms of this Agreement, shall, as to the specific subject matter of this Agreement, take precedence over the conflicting term(s) of such other agreement(s). In the event this Agreement conflicts with any provision of your Access Agreement(s) or other agreement(s), the relevant terms of the applicable Access Agreement(s) or other agreement(s) shall take precedence over the conflicting term(s) of this Agreement; provided, however, that the foregoing shall not apply to any terms concerning governing law, jurisdiction, venue, dispute resolution, or any other similar terms.
10. APPLICABLE LAWS.
If you are accessing a JEATB Publications site pursuant to an Access Agreement or other agreement executed by JEATB, the substantive laws of the State of Cameroon will govern any dispute arising under this Agreement, without regard to any conflict of laws provisions.
If you are accessing JEATB site pursuant to an Access Agreement or other agreement executed by JEATB, the substantive laws of England will govern any dispute arising under this Agreement, without regard to any conflict of laws provisions.
For any and all other access and use of JEATB site, the substantive laws of the State of Cameroon will govern any dispute arising under this Agreement, without regard to any conflict of laws provisions.
11. DISPUTE RESOLUTION.
If you are accessing JEATB site pursuant to an Access Agreement or other agreement executed by JEATB, any controversy, claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof, shall be settled by arbitration in Adamaoua Region, Cameroon with its then-existing Commercial Arbitration Rules. The award rendered by the arbitrator or arbitrators shall be final, and judgment may be entered upon it in accordance with applicable law in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Each party consents to, and waives any right to object to, jurisdiction with respect to the resolution of disputes hereunder in Cameroon. In any legal action or other proceedings (including arbitration proceedings) between the parties, the prevailing party shall be entitled to recover from the non-prevailing party all reasonable costs and expenses incurred in such action or proceeding, including, without limitation, reasonable attorneys’ fees and costs. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties specifically reserve the right to seek provisional remedies or injunctive relief or other equitable remedy in a court of competent jurisdiction without waiving any right to arbitration.
If you are accessing JEATB site pursuant to an Access Agreement or other agreement executed by JEATB, any controversy, claim or dispute arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or the breach thereof may be settled by arbitration, before one (1) arbitrator, administered by the International Chamber of Commerce under its then current Commercial Arbitration Rules, and judgment on the award rendered by the arbitrator may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction. The place of arbitration shall be Ngaoundere, Cameroon. The arbitrator shall apply the substantive law of Cameroon applicable to the claims asserted. The arbitrator shall determine how the fees will be allocated between the parties and may award the prevailing party all or part of its costs and reasonable attorney fees. The arbitration award shall be final and binding on the parties and judgment upon any award may be entered in any court of competent jurisdiction. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties specifically reserve the right to seek provisional remedies, injunctive relief, or other equitable remedy in a court of competent jurisdiction, without waiving any right to arbitration.
For any and all other access and use of JEATB site, the dispute resolution process described above for users and customers of JEATB shall apply.
12. GENERAL.
Without limiting any other remedy available to us, we may suspend or terminate this Agreement and your access to the Services and/or Site under this Agreement if we have reason to believe that you have failed to comply with your obligations under this Agreement. Upon termination, cancellation or expiration of this Agreement for any reason and by either party, you agree to cease all use of the Services. Certain provisions of these terms and conditions may be superseded by expressly designated legal notices or terms located on particular pages at this Site or in conjunction with the Services. No delay or failure to enforce any provision of this Agreement will constitute a waiver of such provision by JEATB or act as estoppel against later enforcement. Subject to the terms of Section 9 (Order of Precedence), this Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between you and JEATB with respect to the specific subject matter addressed herein, and governs your use of the Site and/or the Services, superseding any prior agreements between you and JEATB relating to such subject matter, but this Agreement may be supplemented by any other agreement you enter into with JEATB pursuant to a registration to access certain features of the Site and/or the Services such as an Access Agreement or other agreement. You may not assign any of your rights or delegate any of your obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of JEATB. You may not assert any claim or cause of action arising out of or relating to your use of the Site and/or the Services more than one year after the date such claim or cause of action arose. JEATB shall not be deemed to be in breach of this Agreement due to any delay or failure of performance or interruption in the availability of the Site and/or the Services resulting directly or indirectly from any act of nature or other cause beyond the reasonable control of JEATB. If any provision of this Agreement is found by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, the parties nevertheless agree that the court should endeavor to give effect to the parties’ intentions as reflected in the provision, and that the other provisions of this Agreement remain in full force and effect. The section headings used in this Agreement are for convenience only and have no legal or contractual effect.
JEATB may terminate this Agreement for any reason at any time without any advance notice to you. Notwithstanding any such early termination, Sections 2 through 12 of this Agreement shall survive any expiration, cancellation or termination of this Agreement.
BY USING OR ACCESSING THIS SITE AND/OR THE SERVICES, YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU HAVE READ, UNDERSTAND AND AGREE TO BE LEGALLY BOUND BY THIS AGREEMENT AND THESE TERMS OF SERVICE.
