Diversité floristique mellifère autour de deux ruchers pendant la saison des pluies dans les hautes savanes guinéennes de l’Adamaoua Cameroun
Flore apicole
Keywords:
Honey plants , botanical characteristics, pollen, nectar, foraging, bees, WakwaAbstract
En vue de contribuer à une meilleure rationalisation de l’apiculture, l’activité de butinage de Apis mellifera a été étudiée autour de deux ruchers en saison des pluies entre juin et novembre 2018 dans la zone Soudano-guinéenne de Ngaoundéré (X=7.20o-7.28oN et Y=13.510o-13.590oE). La diversité floristique mellifère a été étudiée dans le village Wakwa, région de l’Adamaoua Cameroun. Des observations directes sur le terrain suivant les points cardinaux dans une surface circulaire de 1 km ont été effectuées autour de deux ruchers constitués de neuf ruches kenyanes et de 37 ruches traditionnelles. Un total de 45 plantes mellifères distribuées dans 22 familles botaniques a été identifié. Les Asteraceae (25%) sont les plus représentées en termes de nombres d’espèces. Les herbacées (84%) sont les types morphologiques les plus représentées. La couleur jaune (31%) des fleurs est la plus visitée. Les espèces mellifères sont fréquemment butinées pour le pollen (51%). Le nombre de butineuses sur une fleur des plantes mellifères est représenté par un seul individu d’abeille pour la plupart des espèces. La durée de visite des abeilles varie en fonction des espèces, elle est plus longue (111,52 secondes) pour la collecte du nectar (Cucurbita pepo) comparée à la récolter du pollen (1,58 secondes pour Ageratum conyzoïdes). Les herbacées représentent les meilleures plantes mellifères pour la pratique apicole dans cette localité pendant la saison des pluies. En revanche dans la savane arborée, le potentiel mellifère ne correspond qu’aux formations végétales entourant les ruches parfois représentatives des grands types de végétation de la région.
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